The research results are encouraging, as they suggest a simple and affordable prevention alternative, through dietary habits
A new Spanish study published in Alzheimer’s and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring, found an association between high blood levels of omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) from plant sources such as walnuts and better brain glucose utilisation. This suggests a brain more resistant to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. In India, an estimated 5.3 million people have dementia, with Alzheimer’s being the most common cause. According to the Dementia in India Report 2020 by the Alzheimer’s and Related Disorders Society of India (ARDSI), this number is projected to rise to 7.6 million by 2030. The research results are encouraging, as they suggest a simple and affordable prevention alternative, through dietary habits.
Researchers analysed omega-3 blood levels in 320 participants in the Alzheimer’s and Families+(ALFA) cohort in Spain, who were at high genetic risk for AD but did not have cognitive impairment. Volunteers were injected with tagged glucose to check how it was metabolised in different brain areas and parallel, erythrocyte fatty acids were quantified, reflecting the consumption of fatty acid-rich foods during the last weeks.
Results showed that those with higher blood levels of omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which comes from plant-based sources such as walnuts, showed better use of brain glucose in critical areas of the brain, which are first affected when the disease begins to manifest. This was observed in the entire study population, but especially in participants with a higher genetic risk of Alzheimer’s.
Conversely, omega-3 docosahexaenoic (DHA), coming from marine sources, was more beneficial in those who, despite not presenting symptoms of Alzheimer’s, were already beginning to have the accumulation of proteins (amyloid and tau) that are characteristic of the disease.
Dr Aleix Sala-Vila, lead investigator of the study and member of the Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), “Reinforces the idea that foods rich in omega-3, such as walnuts, could be useful in making the brain more resistant to the changes that precede the appearance of the disease.”
In conditions like AD, signs and symptoms may not show until much later in life. So, adopting simple, nourishing habits early in life and doing them often, like incorporating foods rich in omega-3s (such as walnuts and fatty fish) could be a promising action that may benefit cognitive function and neurodegenerative conditions.